Well packers



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M S MW CUAJ-/ z! /4TTOAVWEYU United States Patent WELL PACKERS Cicero C. Brown, Houston, Tex. Application December 10, 1951, Serial No. 260,859

17 Claims. (Cl. 166-419) This invention relates to new and useful improvements in well packers.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved well packer which is so constructed that it may be set and released by an axial movement of its parts whereby rotation of its mandrel or support is not required to effect setting and release.

An important object is to provide an improved well packer which is so constructed that it may be run into position within the well and may also be retrieved by means of a wire line operation, thereby eliminating the requirement that the packer be lowered by means of a pipe or conductor.

Still another object is to provide a well packer which is arranged to be lowered into position by means of a wire line running-in tool and wherein the packer is constructed so that the anchoring assembly thereof is locked against actuation during the running-in thereof.

Another object is to provide an improved well packer which is maintained in its set position by differentials across the packer, whereby the running-in tool may be removed therefrom after setting and thereafter a sealing stem connected with a well conductor may be lowered therein and flow through the packer may be carried out in the usual manner.

Still another object is to provide a packer of the character described which may be removed at any time by means of a wire line retrieving tool.

A further object is to provide a well packer of the character described, which may employ pressure sealing cups either alone or in combination with an annular packing element; the invention also contemplating the use of an annular packing element without sealing cups, whereby any desired type of packing means may be employed.

The construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafter described together with other features thereof.

The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, wherein an example of the invention is shown, and wherein:

Figure 1 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation of the upper portion of a well packer constructed in accordance with the invention and illustrating the running-in tool connected therewith,

Figure 1A is a continuation of Figure 1 showing the lower portion of the packer and retrieving tool,

Figure 2 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation showing the packer in its set position with a sealing or production tube extending therethrough,

Figure 3 is a similar view of the well packer illustrating the connection of the wire line retrieving tool there with,

Figure 4 is an enlarged horizontal cross-sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 1,

2,7395% Patented Mar. 27, 1955 Figure 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 1A,

Figure 6 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 2,

Figure 7 is a schematic view illustrating the retrieving tool connected with the packer with the parts in position during running-in or lowering of the packer,

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7 showing the sealing tube extending through the set packer,

Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the retrieving tool engaged with the packer just prior to retrieving of said packer.

Figure 10 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation of a modified form of the packer of this invention, and

Figure 11 is a View partly in section and partly in elevation of another modified form of the packer of this invention.

In the drawings, Figures 7 to 9, the letter A designates the improved Well packer which is adapted to be lowered and set within the usual well pipe 10. Generally the well packer includes an upper sealing unit B, an anchoring assembly C and lower packing unit D. As will be explained, the pressures across the packer, that is, the pressures above and below the same may act upon the sealing units B and D to maintain the packer in its set position within the pipe 10.

The Well packer A is adapted to be lowered within the well bore by a running-in or lowering tool generally indicated at E, and when said tool has connection with the packer, the anchoring assembly C cannot move into a set position. Upon disconnection of the running-in tool E the anchoring assembly moves to its set position as shown in Figure 8 and said tool is thereafter removed, the pressures across the packer maintaining the same in its set position;

Thereafter, a tubular sealing and flow tube F (Figure 8) is lowered downwardly Within the well packer A by means of the well tubing or flow conductor 11, and thus production of fluid through the packer in the usual manner may be carried out.

When it is desired to remove the packer A a retrieving tool generally indicated at G in Figure 9 is employed. The sealing tube F is first removed and then the retrieving tool G is lowered into a position for connec tion with the packer A, whereby said packer may be removed from the well pipe 10.

The apparatus provides a well packer which may be run into position within the well by means of a wire line running-in tool and may thereafter be removed from the well by a retrieving tool which is also operable by a wire line. The advantages of the wire line operation are evident.

The construction of the packer is clearly shown in Figures 1, 1A, 2 and 3, and said packer includes the upper sealing unit B which is constructed of an annular sealing cup or element 12 provided with upwardly directed sealing lips 13. A plurality of segmental connectors 14 are secured to the lower end of the sealing element 12 and have connection with a collar 15. The lower end of this collar is secured to the upper end of a tubular upper expander 16 which has its lower portion formed with a slip expanding surface 17. A tubular slip carrier 18 has its upper end surrounding the upper expander 16 and is secured thereto by means of radially extending pins 19 which engage slots 20 in the carrier. In this manner, the slip carrier may undergo relative axial movement with respect to the expander 16.

The slip carrier is also connected by means of connecting pins 21 and slots 22 with a lower expander 23, said lower expander having a slip expanding surface 24 at its upper portion. The lower expander is ice formed with an axial bore 23a having a counterbore at its lower end, whereby an internal annular shoulder 25 is formed Within its lower portion. The extreme lower end of the expander has connection with segmental connectors 26 which are secured to the upper end of a lower sealing element 27. Said lower element is formed with downwardly directed sealing lips 28.

A plurality of gripping slips 29 are mounted to move radially Within the tubular slip carrier or sleeve 18 and are adapted to project outwardly through slots or openings 30 provided in said sleeve. The inner surfaces of the slips 29 engage and coact with the expanding surfaces 17 and 24 of the upper and lower expanders 16 and 23, respectively. It will be evident that when the expanders are moved toward each other, as illustrated in Figure 2, the expanding surfaces function to move the slips 29 radially outwardly into engagement with the well pipe 10. The movement of the expanders 16 and 23 relative to each other and also with respect to the carrier sleeve 18 is permitted because of the pin and slot connections between the expanders and said sleeve. Movement of the expanders 16 and 23 longitudinally in a direction away from each other will cause the expanding surfaces 17 and 24 to permit the gripping slips 29 to be moved inwardly from a gripping position.

Mounted Within the bore of the well packer A and located between the upper expander 16 and an overhanging shoulder 150! formed within the collar 15 are a plurality of expansible segments 31. These segments are clearly shown in Figure 4 and are normally urged inwardly of the here through the well packer by a coil spring 32 which surrounds said segments. The inward movement of the segments is, of course, restricted by contact between the edges of the segments. However, when a radially outward pressure is applied to the segments 31, said segments will move radially outwardly in the recess 33 which is formed between the shoulder 15a of the collar 15 and the upper end of the upper expander 16. Upon expansion of the segments 31, said segments will move into the recess 33 so that their inner surfaces 31a are substantially aligned with the bore 15a of the collar 15, whereby passage of a tool past the segments may occur.

For lowering the packer A into position within the well pipe, the running-in tool E is provided and said tool includes a tubular mandrel 35 which has its upper end provided with a collar 36. An inner pipe 37 extends axially through the bore of the collar 36 and mandrel 35 and may telescope these parts. The inner pipe has an enlargement 38 on its lower end which is adapted to coact with a shoulder 36a formed within the collar 36 to limit extension of the inner pipe with respect to the mandrel. The upper end of the inner pipe is connected through a coupling 39 with a wire line socket 44) which is in turn connected to the wire line or cable 41 by which the runhing-in tool is lowered. The mandrel 35 is formed with flow openings 42 while the inner pipe 37 has similar openings 43 therein.

The mandrel 35 is adapted to extend entirely through the well packer and its lower projecting end is formed with flow openings 44. When the mandrel is extending through the well packer an annular projection 45 on said mandrel (Figure 1A) is adapted to engage the internal shoulder 25 formed on the lower expander 23. If desired, a shear pin 46 may be mounted in the wall of the mandrel and may be engaged by the lower end of the segmental members 31 in the upper portion of the packer (Figure 1), whereby downward movement of the upper sealing cup 12 and the upper expander 16 is prevented by said shear pin. Upward movement of the lower sealing cup 27 and the lower expander 23 is prevented by engagement of the annular projection 45 with the shoulder 25. In this position the gripping slips 29 are in their unexpanded non-gripping position. I

With the running-in tool E connected to the packer in the manner illustrated in Figures 1 and 1A, the well packer 4 is lowered within the well pipe and downward movement is effected by the coupling 39 imparting a downward force to the mandrel 35, which mandrel, in turn, imparts a downward force through the shoulder 25 to the lower expander. Through the connecting pins 21 and their engagement in the slots of the slip carrier, the downward force applied to the shoulder 25 will be transmitted to the slip carrier sleeve; the upper sealing cup B will present some frictional resistance to downward movement and this will tend to slow downward movement of the upper expander so that actually the upper expander is pulled downwardly by the carrier sleeve engaging the pins 19 in said upper expander. If the shear pin 46 is employed, said pin will positively prevent downward movement of the upper expander relative to the slip carrier and slips.

From the foregoing, it is evident that the running-in tool is so arranged that the packer is pushed downwardly into the well pipe. The telescoping connection between the lowering cable 41 and inner pipe 37, and the mandrel 35 permits jarring downwardly to assure lowering of the packer to its proper position. During lowering, fluid may bypass the packer through the ports 44, mandrel 35 and ports 42; if the inner pipe is telecoped, as in Figure 1, upward flow through the mandrel enters the inner pipe and then outwardly through the ports 43 in said pipe and then through ports 42 in the mandrel.

When the packer reaches the position at which it is to be set, the mandrel 35 is merely lifted to raise the projection 45 away from the shoulder 25 and this allows pressures across the assembly acting upon the packing cups 112 and 27 to move the expanders 16 and 23 toward each other to set the slips. If the shear pin 46 is employed, an upward force or jar is exerted upon the mandrel through the enlargement 38 on the inner pipe 37, this enlargement striking the shoulder 36a at the upper end of said mandrel; this jar shears the pin 46 and thereby disconnects the mandrel 35 from the 'well packer to allow setting of the packer.

The running-in tool E is then pulled upwardly through the assembly and as the inclined upper end 45a (Figure 1A) of the projection 45 engages the under surface of the segmental elements 31, a cam action is produced which will cause an outward radial expansion of the elements 31 under tension of their spring 32. The elements 31 will be expanded to allow the projection 45 to pass said elements and allow removal of the running-in tool from the well bore.

Upon disconnection of the running-in tool, the setting of the anchoring slips is effected by the difierential in pressures across the packer as above explained, and the assembly will thus be-locked in position within said pipe.

Thereafter, a fiow tube or sealing stem F, as illustrated in Figure 2, is lowered downwardly through the well pipe" to extend through the well packer (Figure 8), and said tube has its upper end coupled to the well tubing or condoctor 11. The lower end of the tube or stem F is formed with inlet openings 51 to admit flow into the bore thereof,

and the exterior surface of the tube or stem is of a diameter to be engaged by the inner sealing lips of the sealing cups 12 and 27. An annular projection 52 is secured to the exterior of the tube or stem F and is adapted to engage the upper surface of the segmental elements 31 which form an internal shoulder within the upper portion of the- The projection 52 not only functions as a stop or stem F illustrated in Figures 2 and 8 is removed from within the bore of the packer, and thereafterthe retriev ing tool G is lowered into position; as shown inFi'g'ures areaeei 3 and 9. The retrieving tool includes a tubular mandrel 53 having its upper end provided with a collar 54. An inner pipe 55 telescopes the ollar and mandrel and has connection with the cable socket 40 and wire line or cable 41. The mandrel 53 is formed with flow ports 56 at its upper end and with by-pass ports 57 at its lower end. The inner pipe 55 has an enlargement 58 at its lower end and radial ports 59 extending through its wall. The upper portion of mandrel 53 and its connection with the pipe 55 is similar to the upper portion of the mandrel 35 and its inner pipe 37, as heretofore described in the running-in tool.

The retrieving tool has an annular projection 69 spaced downwardly from the openings 56, and this projection has its lower end beveled or inclined as illustrated at 61. As the retrieving tool is moved downwardly into the packer it will be evident that the inclined lower end 61 of the projection 60 will engage the segmental ele ments' 31 and expand the same radially outwardly whereby the projection 60 may pass said elements. The upper surface 60a of the projection 60 is substantially fiat and as soon as the projection moves past the elements 31, said elements are moved inwardly by the spring 32 so as to overhang the projection 60. Thereafter, an upward pull on the retrieving tool will impart an upward pull to the upper expander 16 whereby this expander is pulled from between the gripping slips 29. Continued upward movement of the retrieving tool will result in removing the entire well packer from the pipe.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that a well packer which may be run in and retrieved on a wire line is provided. The well packer is so constructed that it is set and maintained in set position by the pressure diiferentials thereacross. When connected to the running-in tool the packer may be locked against setting by the shear pin 46 so that the possibility of said packer being set accidentally is obviated. After setting, the running-in tool is removed and the flow tube or sealing stem F disposed through the packer. When removal of the pack er is desired, the tube or stem F is removed and the retrieving tool G lowered and engaged with the packer, whereby an upward pull on the packer retrieves the entire tool.

In Figures 1 to 9 the well packer is illustrated as including the upper sealing unit B, the anchoring assembly C and the lower packing unit D. However, in some in stances, it may be desirable to employ an annular packing element in addition to the sealing cups 12 and 27, and in Figure such a modification is illustrated. Referring to this figure an annular elastic packing sleeve 749 is interposed between the collar which is secured to the upper expander 16 and a collar 150 which has connection with the segmental connectors 14 of the up per sealing cup 12.

In the operation of this form of the invention, the assembly is lowered by means of the running-in tool in the manner hereinbefore described, and after the anchoring slips are set the pressures across the assembly acting upon the cups 12 and 27 will result in a distortion and outward radial movement of the packing sleeve 70. In order to assist the upper sealing cup 12 in applying endwise pressure to the packing sleeve 70 a sealing stem F is lowered within the well packer. This sealing stem has a collar '71 thereon and the lower end 72 of said collar is adapted to engage the inwardly projecting shoulder 74- formed by the segmental connectors 14 at the lower end of the upper packing cup 12; in this manner the weight of the tubing which is connected to the sealing stem F may be imposed upon the upper collar at the upper end of the annular sealing sleeve 70, Whereby said sealing sleeve may be expanded radially outwardly into sealing position.

In Figure 11 still another form of the invention is shown, wherein the sealing cups 12 and 27 are complete- 6 iv eliminated and an annular elastic packing sleeve 75 substituted therefor. In this case the lower expander 23 does not have the lower sealing cup 27 secured thereto. The upper expander 16 has connection through the collar 15 with segmental connectors 14, and said connectors are fastened to the lower end of the sleeve 75. A retaining collar 76 encloses the upper end of the packing sleeve 75. Friction springs 77 may be mounted on the slip carrier sleeve to retard downward movement of the slip carrier and packing sleeve assembly within the well pipe. Complete displacement of the slip carrier and packing sleeve assembly from the running-in tool may be prevented by use of the shear pin 46 engaging beneath the segmental members 31 in the manner de-' scribed with respect to Figure 1.

It will be evident that in the form shown in Figure 11 the running-in tool B will be employed to lower the device to the position at which it is to be set, after which j the running-in tool is disconnected and removed. Thereafter, a flow stem or pipe F2 is lowered into the assembly and an enlarged collar 78 on its upper end will engage the retaining collar 76 to impart a downward movement to the packing sleeve 75 and the upper expander 16. The friction springs 77 will hold the slip carrier sleeve and slip stationary, thereby permitting the expander to urge the slips outwardly into engagement with the pipe; after setting of the slips, continued application of pipe weight to sleeve 75' will expand the same into sealing position. Of course, any pressure acting below the device against the lower expander will tend to urge the same upwardly with respect 'to the gripping slips to increase their gripping action.

The foregoing escription of the invention is explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction may be made, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Having described the invention, I claim:

1. A well packer apparatus including a well packer comprising, an upper resilient packing element engageable with a surrounding well wall and an anchoring assembly below the packing element having gripping slips movable to anchoring position in engagement with the surrounding well wall, means for moving the slips into anchoring position when the upper packing element is moved with respect to the anchoring assembly, a wire line lowering tool having a mandrel extending through the packing element and anchoring assembly, a projection on the mandrel, and means within the anchoring assembly engageably by said projection whereby lowering of the mandrel will result in downward movement of the packer within a well pipe, said lowering tool being removable from the well packer by direct upward movement, and a sealing tube adapted to be substituted for the lowering tool to extend entirely through the well packer, and means on the sealing tube engageable with the packing element to apply a downward force to said packing element.

2. A well packer apparatus including a well packer an upper resilient sealing unit engageable comprising, with a surrounding well wall, a lower resilient sealing unit engageable with the surrounding well wall and movable with respect to the upper unit and an anchoring assembly intermediate said sealing units adapted to be moved into anchoring position in engagement with the surrounding well wall, means connecting said sealing units to said anchoring assembly for transmitting a relative movement of the sealing units with respect to each other to said anchoring assembly to move said anchoring assembly into said anchoring position, and a running-in tool including a mandrel removably extending through the sealing units and anchoring assembly, and means on the mandrel having a releasable engagement with the lower sealing unit whereby lowering of the lower said packer within a well bore, said means on the running-in tool will mandrel being disengaged from the lower sealing unit by an upward movement of said tool to permit the actuation of said anchoring assembly of said packer to said anchoring position by said sealing units and also to permit the removal of the tool from the packer.

3. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 2, wherein the running-in tool is suspended from a wire line, whereby the packer may be lowered into a well by means of said wire line.

4. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 2, together with a frangible connection between the mandrel and the upper sealing unit to lock the sealing units against movement with respect to each other, fracturing of said frangible means releasing the sealing units for movement with respect to each other to actuate the anchoring assembly.

5. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 2, together with frangible connection between the mandrel and the upper sealing unit to lock the sealing units against movement with respect to each other, fracturing of said frangible means releasing the sealing units for movement with respect to each other to actuate the anchoring as sembly, said frangible means being fractured by a direct upward movement of the running-in tool with respect to the packer.

6. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 2, together with a flow tube adapted to extend entirely through the packer after the running-in tool has been removed.

7. A well packer apparatus as set form in claim 2, together with a retrieving tool adapted to extend through the sealing units and anchoring assembly and having means engageable with the upper sealing unit of the packer after the running-in tool has been removed for moving the sealing units away from each other to release the anchoring assembly from its anchoring position and to effect the subsequent removal of the well packer from the well.

8. A well packer apparatus including, a well packer having an upper elastic sealing unit engageable with a surrounding well wall, a lower elastic sealing unit engageable with the surrounding well wall, means for mounting the units for longitudinal movement with respect to each other, an anchoring assembly movable to anchoring position in engagement with the surrounding well wall, means connecting said sealing units to said anchoring assembly for transmitting a relative movement of the sealing units toward each other to said anchoring assembly to move said anchoring assembly into said anchoring position, a wire line lowering tool having a mandrel extending through the sealing units and anchoring assembly, means for releasably connecting the mandrel with the upper and lower sealing units to maintain them immovable with respect to each other with the anchoring assembly inactive, said connection being releasable upon an upward pull to disconnect the lowering tool from the packer and to release the sealing units for movement toward each other, whereby the anchoring assembly may be actuated to set the packer within a well bore.

9. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 8, wherein the releasable connection between the mandrel and the sealing units comprises a projection on the mandrel engaging the lower sealing unit and a frangible pin engaging a retractible shoulder on the upper sealing unit.

10. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 8, together with a sealing tube adapted to extend entirely through the well packer when the wire line lowering tool is removed, said sealing tube having connection with the lower end of a flow conductor.

11. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 8, together with a wire line retrieving tool adapted to extendthrough the packer after the lowering tool has been removed therefrom, said retrieving tool including a mandrel'having a projection which is engageable with the upper sealing element of the well packer.

12. A well packer apparatus including a well packer comprising, an upper elastic seal unit engageable with a surrounding well wall having a slip expander at its lower end and having a radially expansible shoulder within its bore, a lower eiastic sealing unit engageable with the surrounding well wall and having a slip expander at its upper end, a slip carrier mounted for limited longitudinal movement on the expanders of both units and having gripping slips coacting with said expanders, whereby upon movement of the sealing units toward each other said expanders are moved toward each other to thereby move the slips radially outwardly into engagement with the surrounding well wall and movement of the units away from each other moves said expanders away from each other to thereby retract said gripping slips from engagement with the well wall, an internal shoulder within the lower expander and a wire line lowering tool having a mandrel adapted to extend entirely through the bore of the well packer, a projection on the mandrel of said lowering tool engageable with the shoulder of the lower sealing unit, and a frangible shear pin engageable with the under side of the expansible shoulder of the upper unit, the spacing between the shear pin and the projection on the mandrel of the lowering tool being such as to maintain the upper sealing unit spaced from the lower sealing unit a distance sufficient to maintain the gripping slips in retracted position.

13. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 12, wherein the lowering tool is disconnected from the well packer by an upward pull which fractures the shear pin, such disconnection also releasing the sealing units for movement toward each other whereby the gripping slips may be actuated,

14. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 12, wherein the lowering tool is disconnected from the well packer by an upward pull which fractures the shear pin, such disconnection also releasing the sealing units for movement toward each other whereby the gripping slips may be actuated, and also wherein a flow tube is movable within and through the bore of the well packer when the lowering tool has been removed, and a projection on the external surface of the flow tube engageable with the upper surface of the expansible shoulder within the upper sealing unit.

15. A well packer apparatus as set forth in claim 12, together with a retrieving tool adapted to be connected with the well packer after the lowering tool has been disconnected and removed, said lowering tool including a mandrel extending through the packer, and a projection on said mandrel engageable with the under side of the expansibie shoulder within the upper sealing unit of the packer, whereby an upward pull on the retrieving tool will impart an upward pull to the upper sealing unit which will be transmitted to the slip carrier sleeve and lower sealing unit to effect removal from the well.

16. A well packer apparatus adapted to be lowered into a well pipe, including a well packer having a longitudinal bore therethrough, said well packer comprising, an elastic sealing element engageable with the wall of the well pipe and having a slip expander secured thereto and gripping slips movable into gripping position with the pipe wall upon a relative movement of the packing element and expander with respect to the slips, and a running-in tool comprising a mandrel extending through the longitudinal bore of the well packer and projecting below said packer, said mandrel having by-pass ports below and above said packer for permitting fluid circu lation during the lowering of said packer in the well pipe, and means on the mandrel engageable with the slip expander for transmitting a downward movement of the mandrel to the well packer and for maintaining said slips in a released position out of contact with the well pipe during the lowering of the mandrel and the packer, said means on the mandrel being disengageable from the slip expander upon an upward non-rotative movement of the mandrel to permit the moving of said slips to said gripping position and to also permit the removal of the running-in tool from the packer to leave the longitudinal bore of the packer completely open.

17. A well packer apparatus adapted to be lowered into a well pipe including a well packer having a longitudinal bore therethrough and Comprising, a lower resilient packing element engageable with said well pipe and an anchoring assembly above the packing element having gripping slips movable to anchoring position in engagement with the well pipe, said slips being moved to said anchoring position when said packing element and said expander are moved by fluid pressure relative to said slips, and a wire line lowering tool having a mandrel extending through the well packer, a projection on the mandrel, and means on said lower packing element engageable by said projection for transmitting a downward movement of the mandrel to the well packer and for maintaining said slip expander below said slips to hold said slips in a released position out of contact with the well pipe during the lowering of the mandrel relative to the packer, said projection being releasable from said lower packing element upon an upward non-rotative movement of the mandrel to permit the packing element to be actuated by fluid pressure to thereby move the packing element and the expander relative to the slips for setting said slips in said anchoring position and also to permit the removal of the running-in tool from the packer to leave the longitudinal bore of the packer completely open.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,189,703 Burt et al. Feb. 6, 1940 2,225,143 Baker et a1 Dec. 17, 1940 2,297,044 Barker et al Sept. 29, 1942 2,343,075 Otis Feb. 29, 1944 2,401,119 Taylor May 28, 1946 2,578,900 Ragan Dec. 18, 1951 

